Metal Forming

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Bending
In bending there is normally only deformation about one axis. The tool steel selection depends primarily on the work materials type, strength, thickness and part complexity.
 
The most critical failure mechanisms for bending of:

  • Softer work materials ( = 300 HB ) are abrasive and adhesive wear.
  • Harder work materials ( = 300 HB ) are abrasive, adhesive, galling and plastic deformation

Press Forming
Press forming is basically a cold bending operation used to shape, flange or make shallow impressions in a part previously blanked out or sheared from sheet.  
 
The most critical failure mechanisms for press forming of:

  • Softer work materials ( = 300 HB ) are abrasive and adhesive wear.
  • Harder work materials ( = 300 HB ) are abrasive, adhesive, galling and plastic deformation

Deep Drawing
Is basically a press forming operation where material is drawn into a die cavity and the flow is controlled by a blank holder. Deep Drawing is when draw depth is deeper than the punch width (diameter).
 
The most critical failure mechanisms for drawing of:

  • Softer work materials ( = 300 HB ) are abrasive, adhesive wear and galling.
  • Harder work materials ( = 300 HB ) are abrasive, adhesive, galling and plastic deformation